antagonism

英 [æn'tæg(ə)nɪz(ə)m] 美[æn'tæɡənɪzəm]

• n. 对抗，敌对；对立；敌意

1. a state of deep-seated ill-will

2. the relation between opposing principles or forces or factors;

"the inherent antagonism of capitalism and socialism"

3. an actively expressed feeling of dislike and hostility

4. (biochemistry) interference in or inhibition of the physiological action of a chemical substance by another having a similar structure